{"_buckets": {"deposit": "9c8d932b-8aa0-4db9-a9f4-05482da07f10"}, "_deposit": {"created_by": 20, "id": "8760", "owner": "20", "owners": [20], "owners_ext": {"displayname": "", "username": ""}, "pid": {"revision_id": 0, "type": "depid", "value": "8760"}, "status": "published"}, "_oai": {"id": "oai:meral.edu.mm:recid/00008760", "sets": ["1582963436320"]}, "author_link": [], "control_number": "8760", "item_1583103067471": {"attribute_name": "Title", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"subitem_1551255647225": "A Study on the Development of Banking Sector in CLMV Countries with Special Reference to Myanmar(1991-2004) (Tin Tin Htwe-2, 2007)", "subitem_1551255648112": "en"}]}, "item_1583103085720": {"attribute_name": "Description", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"interim": "As domestic banking industry plays a major role in financial sector\ndevelopment, efficient financial intermediation can contribute to the deepening of the\nfinancial sector. The efficient domestic banking institutions and financial markets are\nimportant in supporting economic development. For these reasons, this study focuses\non the development of domestic banking sector in CLMV countries with special\nreference to Myanmar.\nOne of the major financial reforms in CLV is interest rate deregulation\ntogether with controlling inflation. This results in a positive real interest rate that\ncontributes to financial deepening especially in Cambodia, Laos, and Viet Nam. All\nof the CLMV countries, without exception, were formerly command economies with\nSoviet style mono-bank system. Therefore, it is a great achievement that they were\nable to transform their banking system to one which is more suited to a marketoriented\neconomy in such a short time. However, this study explores not only the\npattem of relationship between banking sector development and economic\ndevelopment in CLMV countries but also the major issues of Myanmar banking\nsector. Moreover, this study proposes a design of financial market structure in\nMyanmar.\n\\fhen Cambodia, Laos, and Viet Nam liberalized their financial sectors, they\nbecame dollarized countries due to the weaknesses of domestic financial sector and\nmacroeconomic and political instability. Financial liberalization together with\ninflationary finance causes dollarization and misallocation of resources in Laos. In a\nsituation where a country has underdeveloped financial market, inflationary financing\nand financial liberalization could lead to capital outflow, dollarization, and financial\ndisintermediation.\nIn Myanmar on the other hand negative real interest rates hinder the\ndevelopment of the financial sector that decreases savings and investments.\nMyanmar\u0027s savings flow through informal financial intermediation and self-financing\nrather than through the formal channel. Most small and medium scale enterprises\n(SMEs) have to rely heavily not only on self-financing but also on informal sources of\nfinancing.\nThis study found many factors that hinder financial intermediation in\nMyanmar. In particular, this study points out some major factors that weaken the\nbanking system: interest rate ceilings, fiscal imbalances, high reserve requirements,\nfixed exchange rate, collateral-based lending, weak lending practices, and lending to\nrelated firms. These factors restrict the financial intermediation function that limits the\nsize of the banking system. Banking sector cannot meet the financial requirements of\nSMEs. [n addition, low level of per capita income also reduces the level of savings\nthat limits the size of formal banking system. It implies that the smaller the formal\nbanking sector, the larger the informal financial sector.\nAlthough informal financial sector contributes to economic development to\nsome extent, high cost of capital and low grade technology cannot contribute to the\neconomy efficiently. Low savings and low investments cannot contribute to the\napplication of capital intensive technology. One possible way is to improve domestic\nsavings mobilization through the banking system and to develop money and capital\nmarkets to channel funds for investment efficiently.Finally, efficient financial system reduces information and transaction costs\nwhich in turn could promote high saving rates, good investment decisions,\ntechnological innovation, and long-run growth rates. Thus, financial reforms should\nbe introduced to strengthen the domestic banking system and to improve the\nsupervision of the whole financial system. It is essential to provide a more relaxed\nregulatory framework to strengthen the banking sector and to develop new financial\ninstruments by introducing financial markets."}]}, "item_1583103120197": {"attribute_name": "Files", "attribute_type": "file", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"accessrole": "open_access", "date": [{"dateType": "Available", "dateValue": "2023-02-24"}], "displaytype": "preview", "download_preview_message": "", "file_order": 0, "filename": "Tin Tin Htwe -2, PhD-17.pdf", "filesize": [{"value": "11 MB"}], "format": "application/pdf", "future_date_message": "", "is_thumbnail": false, "licensetype": "license_0", "mimetype": "application/pdf", "size": 11000000.0, "url": {"url": "https://meral.edu.mm/record/8760/files/Tin Tin Htwe -2, PhD-17.pdf"}, "version_id": "1ded11c1-634a-46e5-a761-a75bf2761e0a"}]}, "item_1583103233624": {"attribute_name": "Thesis/dissertations", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"subitem_awarding_university": "Yangon Institute of Economics", "subitem_supervisor(s)": [{"subitem_supervisor": "Professor Dr. Khin San Yee"}]}]}, "item_1583105942107": {"attribute_name": "Authors", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"subitem_authors": [{"subitem_authors_fullname": "Tin Tin Htwe(2)"}]}]}, "item_1583108359239": {"attribute_name": "Upload type", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"interim": "Other"}]}, "item_1583108428133": {"attribute_name": "Publication type", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"interim": "Dissertation"}]}, "item_1583159729339": {"attribute_name": "Publication date", "attribute_value": "2007-01-01"}, "item_title": "A Study on the Development of Banking Sector in CLMV Countries with Special Reference to Myanmar(1991-2004) (Tin Tin Htwe-2, 2007)", "item_type_id": "21", "owner": "20", "path": ["1582963436320", "1582965742757"], "permalink_uri": "https://meral.edu.mm/records/8760", "pubdate": {"attribute_name": "Deposit date", "attribute_value": "2023-02-24"}, "publish_date": "2023-02-24", "publish_status": "0", "recid": "8760", "relation": {}, "relation_version_is_last": true, "title": ["A Study on the Development of Banking Sector in CLMV Countries with Special Reference to Myanmar(1991-2004) (Tin Tin Htwe-2, 2007)"], "weko_shared_id": -1}