2024-03-28T12:16:44Z
https://meral.edu.mm/oai
oai:meral.edu.mm:recid/974
2021-12-13T05:37:15Z
1582963739756:1582967196894
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Japan’s ODA Policy towards Five Mainland Southeast Asian Countries
Thant Yin Win
Development assistance is traditionally given by developed countries to developing countries
to assist in the recipient country’s economic development, and improve social conditions with
the country. Different countries adopt different approaches, depending on the resources
available as well as their policy objectives in giving aid. In 1991, when the Japanese
government announced the four guidelines of Official Development Assistance (ODA), it
pledged to use the foreign aid to promote human rights and democracy. In the history of
Japan’s ODA, the bilateral scheme has been predominant: Japan provides a certain country
with aid through bilateral negotiation and agreement and with the anticipation that the aid will
help socio-economic development in the recipient country. Japan’s ODA is usually divided
into two categories: bilateral and multilateral. Bilateral aid on the other hand is the scheme
where Japan provides aid to a single recipient country on the basis of the two parties’
negotiation and agreement. Multilateral aid is the scheme within which Japan provides a
budget to international or multi-governmental organizations. And the most frequently used
classification of bilateral assistance is based on the three types of payment: grants, yen loans,
and technical assistance. Tokyo’s foreign aid strategy, ranging from bilateral, sub-regional, to
regional assistance plans, successfully secures its political and economic interests in mainland
Southeast Asia.
2012
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12678/0000000974
https://meral.edu.mm/records/974